K - k
kaka [kaka] vi. reach, achieve one's goal; atteindre, arriver jusqu'à (un endroit).
▪ Jo re jo v̈a m̈ar̄a-n r̄e jara, o pa kaka ngisa? ‘Supposing we leave from the same point, when will you reach (the other side)?’ ‘En supposant que nous partirions d'un même point, quand arriveras-tu (de l'autre côté)?’
kakato [kakato] n. Brown Booby, sea bird, 75 cm; Fou à Ventre Blanc, oiseau marin, 75 cm. Sula leucogaster.
kalar̄o [kalaro] n. Devil nettle, Bisl. Nangalat; sorte d'ortie, Bisl. Nangalat. Dendrocnide sp.
◈ Etym. *galato; *jalatoŋ ‘nettle tree’.
kam [kam] pps. we (Exclusive): First plural Exclusive Subject personal pronoun, associated to Realis mood; nous (Exclusif): pronom personnel sujet 1ère p. pluriel exclusif, associé au mode Realis.
▪ Na r̄olu na r̄asi-ku, na r̄oha-ku kam soro meje sa-m. ‘I, with my younger and elder brothers, we would like to thank you.’
▪ Nam lesi-a r̄aju mo hese, kam rua sorosoro. ‘I saw a man, and we (two) had a chat.’ ‘J'ai rencontré quelqu'un, et nous nous sommes mis à discuter.’
▪ Kam skul m̈alue kam sivo, kam sivo kam varai-a nia. ‘As we were going out of the church, we went down there and explained everything to him.’
kam̈a [kan̼a] pps. we (Exclusive): First plural Exclusive Subject personal pronoun, associated to Irrealis mood; nous (Exclusif): pronom personnel sujet 1ère p. pluriel exclusif, associé au mode Irrealis.
▪ Kam̈am r̄apuro r̄olu kam̈a sivo ngoro. ‘The three of us are going to sleep.’ ‘Nous trois, nous allons nous coucher.’
▪ Kam̈a opo-i vara kam̈a lesi nar̄u-m. ‘We would love to meet your son.’
kam̈am [kan̼am] ppi. our (Exclusive): First plural Exclusive independent pronoun; nous (Exclusif): pronom personnel indépendant, 1ère p. pluriel exclusif.
▪ kam̈am povi rai vunguvungu-ni Moli ‘all of us, Moli's family’. ‘nous tous, la famille de Moli’.
▪ Kam̈am Raki kam je levsei inumi-a hae. ‘We, people of Araki, we do not usually drink kava.’
▷ Comme pour kam̈im, le pronom kam̈am est également utilisé comme objet, à la place normale des suffixes. Just like kam̈im, the pronoun kam̈am is also used as an object, instead of suffixes; however it behaves like an autonomous NP: Nia mo sov kam̈am r̄o. He is awaiting us.
► See: -m̈am.
◈ Etym. *gam(am)i.
kam̈im [kan̼im] ppi. you: 2nd plural independent pronoun; vous: pronom personnel indépendant, 2ème p. pluriel.
▪ Kam̈im po ha ngingisa! ‘Come on, all of you, smile!’ ‘Vous tous, faites un grand sourire !’
▪ Niko kam̈im r̄olu nanar̄u-m. ‘You and/with your kids.’ ‘Toi et tous tes enfants.’
▷ Comme pour kam̈am, le pronom kam̈im est également utilisé comme objet, à la place normale des suffixes. Just like kam̈am, the pronoun kam̈im is also used as an object, instead of suffixes; however it behaves like an autonomous NP: Nam varai kam̈im nam re ha v̈a hojo lim̈a-m̈im! I told you to wash your hands!.
► See: -m̈im.
◈ Etym. *gamuyu.
kan [kan] mod.
1 • must not, should not; ne pas devoir.
▪ Na kan sa lo ima-na. ‘I should not go to his house.’ ‘Il vaut mieux que je n'aille pas / je ne dois pas aller chez lui.’
2 • [2nd person] marks a negative order: Prohibitive; [2ème personne] marque de l'ordre négatif, de l'interdiction.
▪ Ha kan m̈an p̈ala-i-á! ‘Don't (y'all) make fun of me !’ ‘Ne te moque pas de moi !’
▪ O kan kore-i-á! — Nam je kore-i-ko. ‘Don't you lie to me! — I am not lying to you.’ ‘Ne me mens pas ! — Mais je ne te mens pas.’
3 • [following verb of fear] for fear that, so that ...not; lest; [après verbe de crainte] de peur que, afin que ... ne pas.
▪ O kla r̄o jo kan jovi! ‘Take care that he does not fall!’ ‘Surveille qu'il ne tombe pas !’
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| kara ‘flying-fox’ |
kara [kaɾa] n. flying-fox, kind of large fruit bat; roussette, sorte de grosse chauve-souris frugivore.
► See: hariv paurouro.
kara hara n. k.o. flying-fox; sorte de roussette. Pteropus anetianus.
kara m̈anu n. kind of black and white flying-fox; sorte de roussette, noire et blanche. Pteropus tonganus.
► Syn: m̈anu.
◈ Etym. *garai ‘flying-fox’.
karai [kaɾai] n. chief. One of the dignitary ranks in the customary society; chef. Un des rangs de dignité dans la société traditionnelle.
► See: m̈ala; moli; r̄aju lap̈a.
karu1 [kaɾu] vi. swim, bathe; nager.
▪ Mo r̄o om je opoe karu lo ai? ‘Why don't you like bathing in the river?’ ‘Pourquoi n'aimes-tu pas te baigner dans la rivière?’
▪ Nam je rongo na karukaru lo r̄asi, m̈ar̄a p̈ahe. ‘I don't feel like bathing in the sea because of the sharks.’ ‘Je n'ai pas envie d'aller nager en mer, à cause des requins.’
▪ Hariv mo karu karu karu karu karu, mo lesi-a p̈ahe. ‘And the Rat swam, swam, swam, swam… until he saw a shark.’
► See: hojo ‘wash’.
◈ Etym. <°garu; *karu ‘swim, bathe’; *(k,g)aʀu.
karu2 [kaɾu] vt. Tr: karumi-. scratch, scrape, rub; gratter, frotter.
▪ R̄aju mo hese mo karumi-a laho vinini. ‘Someone was scraping the palm tree trunk.’ ‘Quelqu'un était en train de gratter le tronc du palmier.’
▪ Mo var̄i-a pallaje lo r̄asi, mo karumi-a hovi-na. ‘He went looking for sea coral, and rubbed his infected skin with it.’ ‘Il alla chercher du corail en mer, et en frotta sa peau malade.’
◈ Etym. *garu ‘scratch’.
kar̄ano [karano] adv. down; underneath, under; en bas; sous, en-dessous de (lo).
▪ hurivivi-ku kar̄ano ‘my lower lip’. ‘ma lèvre inférieure’.
▪ Mo voro kar̄ano lo lepa. ‘It fell down on the ground.’ ‘Il est tombé par terre.’
► Ant: kaur̄a.
► See: sivo ‘(go) down’.
◈ Etym. *tano ‘earth, ground; on the ground, down’; *tanoq ‘earth’.
kaulu [kaulu] n. Sensitive, Bisl. Blue-flower: herb; plante dite "sensitive", Bisl. Blue-flower. Mimosa pudica.
kaur̄a [kaura] adv. up, above; en haut.
▪ Mo vur̄ivur̄ia-ha mo sa kaur̄a. ‘(the stone) soars up high in the sky.’ ‘(la pierre) s'élance et monte très haut.’
▪ V̈apa ri mo r̄oho sahan kaur̄a. ‘This cave is up there in the hills.’ ‘Cette grotte se trouve là-haut, sur les hauteurs.’
▪ Mo var̄i-a ra-holo mo plan-i-a kaur̄a hinia. ‘(after picking the breadfruit) they take coconut palms and throw them over it.’ ‘(après avoir déposé le fruit-à-pain) on prend des palmes de cocotiers et on les jette dessus.’
▪ Kam opo-i vara o sohan-i-a lo arr̄es sa-su-n kaur̄a. ‘We would like you to send it to the address mentioned above.’ ‘... ci-dessus.’
▪ hurivivi-ku kaur̄a ‘my upper lip’.
► Ant: kar̄ano.
► See: saha ‘(go) up’.
◈ Etym. *qutan ‘bush, forest’.
kavula [kaβula] ni. inedible pith in the middle of breadfruit (levu), to which the seeds (p̈iri-na) are attached.
▪ Mo vahuren-i-a kavula-na, vahuren-i-a p̈irina... ‘They take away the pith, take away the seeds...’
◈ Etym. *vule ‘breadfruit flower or core’.
kavura [kaβuɾa] n. copra, i.e. the coconut fruit when it is sold overseas to extract its oil; coprah. Cocos nucifera.
► See: holo ‘coconut’.
kere [keɾe] n. bottom, tail; extrémité inférieure, queue.
▪ kere-heja ‘[blue-tail] Bluespot mullet, a fish’.
▪ kerekere m̈ar̄a ‘bags under eyes’. ‘zone sous les yeux, cernes’.
► See: viji ‘tail’ ‘queue’.
◈ Etym. *gere ‘bottom, butt, tail’.
kere-heja [keɾeheʧa] n. Bluespot mullet, reef fish, 50 cm; Mulet à queue bleue (angl. Bluespot mullet), poisson récifal, 50 cm. Valamugil seheli.
kesi [kesi] dx.
1 • here, this: demonstrative close to speaker; ici, ceci: déictique proche du locuteur.
2 • now, nowadays.
► See: kesikesi.
kesikesi [kesikesi] adv. ~ keskesi. right now; maintenant.
▪ Nam pa lesi r̄asi-m kesikesi. ‘I am meeting your brother for the first time [pa] right now.’
► See: kesi.
kia [kia] adv. there, at that place: anaphoric locative adverb; là, à cet endroit. Adverbe anaphorique à valeur locative.
▪ Mara Naur̄a lap̈a mo sivosivo velu r̄o kia. ‘The people from Santo would go there to dance.’ ‘Les gens de Santo s'y rendaient pour y danser.’
▪ R̄aju hosun mo r̄oho kia nira-n venar̄u-na. ‘This man was living there with his wife.’ ‘Cet homme habitait là avec sa fille.’
▪ Vara om poe-i-a o r' o pa r̄aju-lap̈a, o levse sa kia. ‘Suppose you want to become a chief, you can go there (and ask the oracle).’
◆ préd. Existential predicate for specific referent (vs. r̄e "non-specific Existential"): there is. Used mainly in affirmations.
▪ Lo jara-m, r̄e r̄am̈ar̄e vo mo je r̄e? — R̄am̈ar̄e kia. ‘In your country, are there devils or not? — Yes, there are.’ ‘Dans ton pays, il y a des Esprits ou non ? Oui.’
▪ R̄e paniavu lo ima r̄ur̄un? — Nia kia. ‘Is there some pineapple in the kitchen? — Yes, there is.’
kila [kila] vi. ~ kla. 1 • [+directional marker (v̈a, m̈a, sa, si)] watch, look (in a certain direction); [+verbe directionnel (v̈a, m̈a, sa, si)] regarder, observer.
▪ M̈ala mo kla v̈a mo lesi-a jam. ‘The hawk looked and saw the piece of yam.’ ‘Le faucon regarda et vit le morceau d'igname.’
▪ P̈ir̄a hosun mo rongo mo le sihir̄ mo sivo mo kla si mo lesi-a. ‘When she heard him, the woman ran to look, and saw him.’ ‘En l'entendant, la femme courut pour le regarder, et le vit.’
► See: les ‘see’ ‘voir’.
2 • watch out, be careful (that: Irrealis; that not: kan + Irrealis).
▪ O kla r̄o jo kan jovi! ‘Take care that he does not fall!’ ‘Surveille qu'il ne tombe pas !’
3 • consider a future event, hope.
▪ Kam̈am povi kam kila r̄o m̈ar̄a in-r̄e-pongi o pa le m̈a Raki. ‘We all hope that you'll come back to Araki one day.’ ‘Nous tous, nous espérons qu'un jour tu reviendras à Araki.’
klav̈as [klað̼as] vi. watch, look at; regarder, observer.
▪ Mo klav̈as mo les naho-n r̄ap̈ala-na. ‘He watched and recognised the face of his friend.’ ‘Il leva les yeux, et reconnut le visage de son compagnon.’
► See: les ‘see’ ‘voir’.
klin [klin] adj. clean, healthy; propre, sain.
▪ Hovi-na mo jiha povi, mo klin mo vokovoko. ‘His scabies had totally disappeared, he was now clean and healthy.’ ‘Sa gale avait complètement disparu, il était sain et propre.’
► Syn: vokovoko.
◈ Borrowed from clean.
koho [koho] vi. [tree] hollow, rotten; [arbre] creux, évidé.
▪ Viha hosun, viha hetehete, mo r̄oho pan mo koho, ai mo tup lolo-no. ‘This tree was small and hollow, always full of water.’ ‘Cet arbre, c'était un petit arbre creux, avec son trou toujours rempli d'eau.’
► Syn: r̄ungu-ha.
koko [koko] ni. hole; trou, orifice.
▪ koko ngalsu-na ‘his nostrils’. ‘ses narines’.
▪ Nra mo heli-a koko lo jar̄auta. ‘They dig a hole on the shore.’ ‘Ils creusent un trou sur la plage.’
▪ Pasta mo sahara sivo lo koko-n viha nosun, ai mo r̄oho kia. ‘The Clergyman stretched out his arm into the hollow tree, where the water was.’ ‘Le Pasteur avança la main dans le trou de cet arbre, là où l'eau stagnait.’
► See: heli ‘dig’.
kore1 [koɾe] vi. ~ koro. 1 • lie, tell lies; mentir.
▪ R̄aju mo korokoro mo je holo-ho. ‘It's bad to lie [That one should lie is bad].’ ‘Le mensonge, c'est mauvais [Qu'un homme mente est mauvais].’
2 • deceive, trick s.o., act in a dishonest or deceitful way; disguise oneself to fool s.o; faire une supercherie, agir de façon malhonnête ou dissimulée; se déguiser pour tromper.
▪ R̄am̈ar̄e mo kore. ‘But this was the trick of a devil!’ ‘C'était en fait un démon déguisé (en crabe de cocotier).’
korei- vt. lie to, cheat <s.o.>; tromper, mentir à.
▪ O kan kore-i-á! — Nam je kore-i-ko. ‘Don't you lie to me! — I am not lying to you.’ ‘Ne me mens pas ! — Mais je ne te mens pas.’
kore2 [koɾe] vi. hollow out, remove substance, e.g. making a canoe; creuser, enlever de la matière, par ex. en fabriquant une pirogue.
▪ Mo kore mo r̄ai hototom̈e aka-na. ‘He hollowed out (the wood), and made a perfect canoe.’ ‘Il creusa (dans le bois), et réalisa parfaitement sa pirogue.’
► See: heli ‘dig’.
kori [koɾi] n. yam stick, used when cultivating this tuber; bâton à igname, utilisé dans la culture de ce tubercule.
► See: isa ‘garden’.
korokoro [koɾokoɾo] n. liar: noun derived from verb kore 'lie'; le mensonge. Nom d'action du verbe kore.
▪ Korokoro mo je holo-ho. ‘Liars/Lying is bad.’ ‘Le mensonge, ce n'est pas bien.’
korongo [koɾoŋo] adv. maybe, probably; sans doute, peut-être.
▪ Pasta mo sna lo Sanre, korongo so-n kesi. ‘The Clergyman came here on a Sunday, probably like this one today.’ ‘Le Pasteur vint un dimanche, sans doute comme aujourd'hui.’
► Syn: pana.
koru [koɾu] adj. 1 • [plant+] dry, dried; [plante+] sec, desséché.
▪ Mo var̄i-a vivara r̄a koru. ‘He takes a dry reed.’ ‘Il prend un roseau sec.’
2 • burnt, suffered from fire; brûlé, qui a subi une brûlure ou un incendie.
▪ P̈isu-ku koru lo hapu. ‘I burnt my fingers in the fire.’ ‘Je me suis brûlé les doigts sur le feu.’
▪ Ima-ku mo r̄e koru, moli mo suli-a. ‘My house has been burnt down, the chief set fire to it.’ ‘Ma maison a été brûlée, le chef y a mis le feu.’
► See: ungu ‘burn’ ‘se consumer’.
3 • [lolo 'inside' (of s.o.)] to be angry; [lolo 'intérieur' (d'une personne)] être en colère.
► See: lokoru.
◈ Etym. *goru ‘dry, esp. of vegetation’.
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| kue ‘dolphin’ |
koso [koso] vt. break, break into pieces <a fragile object>; briser, casser en plusieurs morceaux (un objet fragile).
▪ Om r̄e koso no-ku botel. ‘You've broken my bottle.’ ‘Tu as cassé ma bouteille.’
► See: m̈a-koso ‘broken’ ‘brisé’; lar̄e.
◈ Etym. *koto-vi (?) ‘cut, cross’.
ku [ku] vt. warm up, heat up <liquid>; cuire, faire chauffer <liquide>.
▪ Ha ku r̄e ai jo val jo holo-ho. ‘Heat some water, until it is really boiling!’ ‘Faites chauffer de l'eau, pour qu'elle soit bien bouillante !’
► See: v̈arung ‘hot’; vali ‘boil’; r̄unu; suli ‘cook’.
kue1 [kue] vi. jump, leap; sauter, bondir.
▪ Hariv mo kue mo sa mo sara lo tar̄auta. ‘In a single leap, the Rat went to sit on the shore.’ ‘D'un bond, le rat alla s'asseoir sur la berge.’
kue2 [kue] n. dolphin; dauphin.
▪ Mo v̈a mo les Kue, mo re "Kue, o jom̈i-á !" ‘So (Rat swam) further on and saw the Dolphin: "Hey, Dolphin", said he, "take pity on me!"’.
► See: kue1 ‘leap’ ‘bondir’.
kumal [kumal] n. sweet potato, Bisl. Kumala; patate douce, Bisl. Kumala. Ipomoea batatas.
◈ Borrowed from Polynesian kumala.