N - n
na1 [na] ppi. I: First singular independent pronoun; moi: pronom personnel indépendant, 1ère p. singulier.
▪ Na r̄aju. ‘I am a man.’
▪ Na, ta jo mule na pa varai-a nia. ‘As for me, when dad comes back, I will tell him everything!’ ‘Moi, quand papa rentrera j'irai tout lui dire!’
▪ Na na sa na var̄i-a jara-m. ‘fs:I am coming to replace you.’ ‘Moi je viens pour te remplacer.’
◆ pps. I: First singular Subject personal pronoun, associated to Irrealis mood; je: pronom personnel sujet 1ère p. singulier, associé au mode Irrealis.
▪ Na ljengi-ko! ‘I am going to hit you!’ ‘Je vais te frapper !’
▪ Jo re na m̈aji, na pa avu. ‘If I were a bird, I would fly.’ ‘Si j'étais un oiseau, je volerais.’
▪ Na lpo si na lesi-a r̄a. ‘Let me try and see him.’ ‘Je vais essayer de l'apercevoir.’
▪ Na pa m̈ar̄e sohe sa? ‘How shall I die?’ ‘De quelle façon mourrai-je?’
► See: -ku.
◈ Etym. *nau.
nahare [nahaɾe] adv. today, esp. past or present (vs. here, today in the future); fig. nowadays; aujourd'hui.
▪ Ale Raki mo pa juha mo sivo lo m̈asav̈a m̈ar̄a-na. Mo r̄oho mo sna kes nahare. ‘And it was after these events that Araki moved out into the ocean. And it has remained there until today.’
► See: kesi ‘now, nowadays’.
naho [naho] ni. face; visage, face.
▪ Mo klav̈as mo les naho-n r̄ap̈ala-na. ‘He raised his eyes and recognised the face of his friend.’ ‘Il leva les yeux et reconnut le visage de son ami.’
▪ Asvohinao, nia mo posi-a naho-na mo m̈a sohe naho-m. ‘Asvohinao (devil) can change his face to look like you.’ ‘Asvohinao (démon), il sait transformer son visage pour lui donner l'apparence du tien.’
naho hojo~ ni. front teeth, including canines and incisors; dents de devant, groupant canines et incisives.
► Ant: p̈ar̄i.
lo naho~ npr. in front of; devant, en face de.
▪ lo naho-ku ‘in front of me’. ‘devant moi’.
► Ant: lo juhu.
◈ Etym. *nako; *nakon.
naho m̈asanga [naho n̼asaŋa] n. Orangespine unicornfish, Bisl. Yeloteil strong sikin: reef fish, 30 cm; Nason bariolé (angl. Orangespine unicornfish), poisson récifal, 30 cm. Naso lituratus.
nahorani [nahoɾani] n. morning; matin.
▪ Nanov lo nahorani, nam r̄uru mo aloalo. ‘Yesterday morning, I got up when the sun was out.’
▪ Mo pa le r̄uru lo nahorani mo je le lesi Raki. ‘When they got up again in the morning, they could not see Araki any more.’
naivou~ [naiβou] ni. [Ego M] wife; épouse.
▪ naivou-ku muru ‘my first wife’. ‘ma première femme’.
▪ naivou-ku par̄ahu / v̈aha-rua ‘my second wife’. ‘ma seconde femme’.
▪ Nia mo lolokoru nira-n naivou-na. ‘He is cross at his wife.’ ‘Il est en colère contre sa femme.’
▪ Nira mo jom̈i naivou-ra, m̈ar̄a nira mo v̈a mo r̄olu mo velu r̄o. ‘They are sad because of their wives, who left home with (the men from the other island) dancing.’ ‘Ils sont tristes à cause de leurs femmes, car elles sont parties avec (les hommes de l'autre île) en dansant.’
▷ For customary laws regarding widows, see elua~ and r̄oha~. The hierarchy rule for a second husband is: r̄oha~ > r̄asi~ > elua~.
► Ant: r̄ua~.
nak [nak] vt. Tr: naki-. 1 • strike <s.o., s.th.>, hit; frapper (qqn, qqch), donner un ou plusieurs coup(s) sur.
▪ R̄as mo m̈a mo nak-i-a pilo-n huir̄a. ‘The sea would come back and strike the octopus's head.’ ‘La mer revenait frapper le crâne du poulpe.’
► Syn: ljeng.
2 • [esp. kava, alcohol] stupefy, have a strong effect upon <s.o.>.
▪ Nam rongo hae mo nak-i-á. ‘I feel the effect of kava [lit. I feel kava is hitting me].’ ‘Je sens l'effet du kava.’
3 • hit <s.o.> with the intention of hurting or killing him; strike dead; frapper (qqn) dans le but de lui faire mal ou de le tuer, tuer en frappant.
▪ R̄aju nohosu ha pa nak-i-a, ha pa nak-i-a lo vuro vo r̄e hina sohe-na. ‘This man is going to be killed; he'll be killed in a fight or something like that.’ ‘Cet homme se fera tuer ; il sera tué au cours d'un combat, ou quelque chose de ce genre.’
4 • kill, in any way (e.g. through black magic); tuer, de n'importe quelle façon.
▪ Niko hosun om nak-i-a r̄aju r̄o! ‘So it was you who killed this man!’ ‘C'est donc toi qui a tué cet homme!’
nak r̄aha m̈ar̄e vt. kill; tuer.
▪ Na pa nak r̄aha m̈ar̄e-ko! ‘I'm going to kill you [I'm going to strike-you-become-dead]’. ‘Je vais te tuer [je vais frapper-devenir-mort-toi]’.
nam [nam] pps. I: First singular Subject personal pronoun, associated to Realis mood; je, moi: pronom personnel sujet 1ère p. singulier, associé au mode Realis.
▪ Nam avulai vutiana nam tapai-ko. ‘I am really happy to have met you.’
▪ Nam je levsei rongo-ko. ‘I can't hear you.’ ‘Je ne peux pas t'entendre.’
▪ O kan kore-i-á! — Nam je kore-i-ko. ‘Don't you lie to me! — I am not lying to you.’ ‘Ne me mens pas ! — Mais je ne te mens pas.’
▪ Nam jom̈i. ‘I'm sorry!’ ‘Désolé !’
► See: na1.
namasu [namasu] vi. breathe; respirer.
► Syn: m̈apu.
nanovi [nanoβi] adv. yesterday; hier.
▪ Nanov nam rongo r̄aju mo hese mo var̄i-a ver̄e nohoni. ‘Yesterday, I heard someone else sing the same song (as you).’
► Ant: p̈aivuho.
◈ Etym. *nanovi.
naprongo [napɾoŋo] adv.
1 • [+Realis] although.
▪ Naprongo mo usa, pla-ku per̄a mo je m̈au. ‘Although it does/did rain, my taro is not growing properly.’
2 • [+Irrealis] even if.
► See: prongo ‘only, just’.
naprongo vara conj. [+Irrealis] even if.
▪ Naprongo vara jo usa, pla-m per̄a jo je levse m̈au. ‘Even if it rains, your taro won't be able to grow properly.’ ‘Même s'il pleuvait, ton taro ne pourrait pas se développer.’
► Syn: naprongo.
nar̄u~ [naru] ni. Pl: nanar̄u~.
1 • [Ego M/F] child of (s.o.); [Ego H/F] enfant de (qqn).
▪ Nko pa je lahi jo je r̄e nar̄u-m. ‘You will not marry nor will you have any children.’ ‘Tu ne te marieras pas et n'auras point d'enfant.’
▪ Ran mo hese, r̄aju nanar̄u-ra mo r̄oho r̄o lo ima. ‘One day, the people had left their children at home.’ ‘Un jour, les gens avaient laissé leurs enfants à la maison.’
► See: mara variri ‘the children’ ‘les enfants’.
2 • [Ego M/F] brother's child; [Ego H/F] enfant du frère.
3 • [Ego F] sister's child; [Ego F] enfant de la sœur.
▷ For Ego M, the sister's children, are designated as nephews: elua~, lala, m̈ar̄a~, or r̄ahur̄a~.
▷ Pour Ego H, les enfants de la sœur, ou neveux, sont désignés comme elua~, lala, m̈ar̄a~, ou r̄ahur̄a~.
4 • [Ego M] child of the sister-in-law (ve-r̄ahu~); [Ego H] enfant de la belle-sœur (ve-r̄ahu~).
5 • [Ego M] child of the uncle (elua~), matrilateral cross-cousin; [Ego H] enfant de l'oncle (elua~), cousin croisé matrilatéral.
6 • male child, son: vs. ve-nar̄u~ "daughter"; enfant de sexe masculin, fils : opp. ve-nar̄u~ "fille".
▪ Naivou-ku mo v̈asui nar̄u-ku. ‘My wife has just given birth to my son.’ ‘Ma femme vient de mettre au monde mon fils.’
► Syn: tu.
◈ Etym. *natu-.
naur̄a [naura] n. place / island (?); endroit / île (?).
► See: ureure ‘island’ ‘île’; jara ‘place’ ‘endroit’.
Naur̄a-lap̈a top. the island of Espiritu Santo, the largest island in the region; l'île d'Espiritu Santo, la plus grande île de la région.
▪ Mo velu, rai nohosu mo r̄oho r̄o Naur̄a-Lap̈a mo rongo leo-ro r̄o. ‘They dance, and the people of Santo hear their voices.’ ‘Ils dansent, et ceux qui habitent Santo entendent leur voix.’
▪ mara Naur̄a-Lap̈a ‘the people of Santo’. ‘les habitants de Santo’.
▷ Corresponds to the "mainland" for Araki islanders.
▷ Synonyme de "continent" pour les insulaires d'Araki.
ne [ne] dx. first degree demonstrative; Dx:ci.
1 • [adverb] here.
▪ P̈ir̄a nohosu nam varai-ko r̄o inia mo r̄oho r̄o ne. ‘The woman I talked to you about is here.’ ‘Le femme dont je te parlais est ici.’
▪ Lo ran mo hese, Pasta Sope mo sna ne Raki. ‘One day, Pastor Sope came here in Araki.’
2 • [noun modifier] this.
▪ V̈er̄al ne mo je v̈er̄al hanhan. ‘This banana is not edible.’ ‘Cette banane-ci n'est pas une banane comestible.’
nene [nene] dx. ~ nene-n ‘assertive’.
1 • [noun modifier] this; Dx:là.
▪ Sari nene m̈ar̄a m̈aji. ‘This harpoon is for fish.’ ‘Ce harpon-ci, c'est pour les poissons.’
▪ Nanovi nam ngoro lo ep̈a nene. ‘Yesterday I slept on this mat.’ ‘Hier j'ai dormi sur cette natte.’
2 • [NP-head] this, this one.
▪ Nene m̈ar̄a vahuren-i-a jolong botel. ‘This is used for taking corks out of bottles.’ ‘Ceci, c'est pour enlever les bouchons de bouteilles.’
▪ Nohosu jo olom̈a, nene jo olom̈a, nene jo olom̈a! ‘(to children) Let that one bow his head, let this one bow his head!’
ni~1 [ni] ~ ini~; hini~. vpr. preposition marking an oblique relation: at, to, towards+; à, pour, préposition introduisant certains compléments indirects.
▪ Mo var̄i-a ra-holo mo plan-i-a kaur̄a hinia. ‘(after storing breadfruit) They take coconut palms and throw them over it.’ ‘(après avoir déposé le fruit-à-pain) on prend des palmes de cocotiers et on les jette dessus.’
▪ Nam varai-ko r̄o ini-a. ‘I have told you about her.’
▪ (hi)n-r̄e rani ‘one day...’
▪ Mo var̄i-a mo r̄ai-a aka ni-a. ‘He took (the taro stem) and carved a canoe out of it.’ ‘Il prit donc (la tige de taro) et s'y tailla une pirogue.’
▪ M̈ar̄a r̄ungana hosu mo lesles te ni-ra. ‘Since that time, they have been hating each other. [lit. looking bad at them]’. ‘Et depuis ce temps-là, ils se considèrent comme des ennemis’.
nia [nia] ppi. he, she: 3rd singular independent pronoun; il, elle: pronom personnel indépendant, 3ème p. singulier.
▪ R̄aju mo v̈ei-ko, nia Supe. ‘He who created you is God.’ ‘L'être qui t'a créé, c'est Dieu.’
▪ Nia mo le sua mo v̈a lo ima-na. ‘As for him, he went back home.’ ‘Quant à lui, il s'en retourna dans sa maison.’
nija [niʧa] ppi. we (Inclusive): First inclusive plural independent pronoun; nous (Inclusif): pronom personnel indépendant, 1ère p. pluriel inclusif.
▪ Nija p̈aivuho! ‘Good bye! [we tomorrow]’. ‘Au revoir ! [nous demain]’.
► See: jam1.
niko [niko] ppi. ~ nko; inko. you: Second singular independent pronoun; tu, toi: pronom personnel indépendant, 2ème p. singulier.
▪ Nko r̄ap̈alam̈am. ‘You are our friend.’
▪ Inko hosu nanov om litovi-á? ‘So it was you who offended me yesterday?’ ‘C'est donc toi qui m'a outragé hier?’
▪ Niko mo je r̄e monohi-m! ‘You have no brain! (you are silly)’. ‘Tu n'as pas de tête ! tu es bête !’
▪ Vi-p̈aka mo re nko pa moli, niko pa r̄aju lap̈a. ‘The banyan means that you will become a chief, an important person.’ ‘Le banian est signe que tu seras chef, que tu seras un homme important.’
◈ Etym. *nigo.
nira1 [niɾa] ppi. ~ nra. they: 3rd plural independent pronoun; ils, elles: pronom personnel indépendant, 3ème p. pluriel.
▪ Nira mo m̈ar̄e jeje. ‘They are dead for good.’ ‘Ils sont morts pour toujours.’
▪ Nra mo heli-a koko lo jar̄auta. ‘They dig a hole on the shore.’
▪ M̈aji mo avuavu nra povi. ‘The birds flew away, all of them.’ ‘Les oiseaux prirent tous leur envol.’
nira~2 [niɾa] npr. Always followed by a human referent.1 • with, together with <s.o.>; avec (qqn). Préposition d'accompagnement.
▪ R̄aju hosun mo r̄oho kia nira-n venar̄u-na. ‘This man was living there with his wife.’ ‘Cet homme habitait là avec sa fille.’
▪ Nira-n ver̄asi-na, nira mo jolo mo m̈ar̄e. ‘ax:lit. Together with her younger sister, they sank and died.’
2 • against, at <s.o.>; ...
▪ Raki mo v̈alum nira-ni Tumepu. ‘So Araki struggled with Tumepu.’ ‘L'île d'Araki se battit contre (la montagne) Tumepu.’
▪ Nia mo lolokoru nira-n naivou-na. ‘He is cross with his wife.’ ‘Il est en colère contre sa femme.’
3 • [inside NP] with, and.
▪ P̈ir̄a hetehete mo hese nira-n ver̄oha-na. ‘There was a small girl with/and her older sister.’
▪ Hariv nira-n huir̄a mo meresai. ‘The rat and [lit. with] the octopus are enemies.’ ‘Le rat et la pieuvre sont des ennemis.’
▪ Na pa sorosoro m̈ar̄a-n Siho nira-n Hatou. ‘I'm going to tell the story of the Kingfisher and the Hermit-crab.’ ‘Je vais raconter l'histoire ...’
▪ Nam sovi R̄al nira-n Pen r̄o. ‘I am waiting for Ralph and Ben.’
► See: r̄olu.
no~1 [no] pos. general Possessive classifier for inalienable possession; Classificateur Possessif général.
▪ no-ku ruru ‘my clothes’.
▪ no-m lahi ‘your wedding’.
▪ no-no ta ‘his father’.
▪ Paua no-n God ‘God's power’.
▪ Mo var̄i-a no-no rip̈a, no-no sip̈a, m̈aja, huren-i-a lo aka-na. ‘He took his axe, his knife and his club and put them into his pirogue.’ ‘Il prit sa hache, son couteau, sa massue, et les mit dans sa pirogue.’
◈ Etym. *na.
novu [noβu] n. scorpion; scorpion. Scorpiones spp.
◈ Etym. *nopu.
no-2 [no] ~ ne- ‘with ne’. pf. prefix found on demonstratives: e.g. no-honi, no-hosu, and probably ne-ne; celui.
▪ No-hosu jo olom̈a, ne-ne jo olom̈a, ne-ne jo olom̈a! ‘Let that one bow his head, let this one bow his head!’
▷ Its effect seems to make it compatible with the NP-head position (similar to Eng. 'one' in 'this one'), although it appears in other positions too.
nr̄e ran [nre ɾan] adv. 1 • one day, in the future (vs. lo ran mo hese "one day, in the past").
▪ Nr̄e ran jo pa v̈anov̈ano, jo lesi-a se jo pa v̈anov̈ano vila. ‘One day we'll have a race, and we'll see who's the faster!’ ‘Un jour, nous ferons la course, et nous verrons bien qui avance (le plus) vite !’
2 • from time to time, sometimes; quelquefois, parfois.
▪ Mo lesi-a pilo-ni huir̄a nr̄e ran. ‘From time to time he caught sight of the octopus's head.’ ‘De temps en temps, il apercevait le crâne de la pieuvre.’
3 • [+Negation] (not) ever, never; [+Négation] pas un seul jour, jamais.
▪ Mo v̈e lesi-a mo re ha nak-i-a ha je levsei nak-i-a nr̄e ran. ‘They try and kill him, but they never succeed.’ ‘Ils essayent de le tuer, mais ils n'y parviennent jamais.’
► Ant: ran tare ‘always’ ‘toujours’.
nuenue [nuenue] n. rainbow; arc-en-ciel.
nunu [nunu] ni. 1 • silhouette, shadow (of s.o); reflection (in water); silhouette, ombre (de qqn); reflet (dans l'eau).
▪ Nam lesi-a nunu-m. ‘I can see your shadow.’ ‘Je vois ton ombre.’
2 • image, esp. photo; effigie, partic. photographie.
▪ Kam soro meje lap̈a m̈ar̄a nunu om var̄i-a. ‘We thank you very much for taking this photo.’ ‘Nous te disons un grand merci pour cette photo que tu as prise.’
◈ Etym. *nunu-a ‘shadow, image, soul’; *nunu.
nuru [nuɾu] vi. ~ nur. dive, jump in the water; plonger, sauter dans l'eau.
▪ Mo sivo mo nur lo r̄asi, mo sivo mo var̄i-a pallaje. ‘He ran down the slope and dived into the sea, looking for coral.’ ‘Il dévala la pente et plongea dans la mer, où il alla chercher du corail.’